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ENDOTOXIN
Endotoxins, which occur in the outer membrane of certain Gram-negative bacteria, atomic number 18 not secreted but are released only when the stalls are disrupted or destroyed. Endotoxins are complex polysaccharide molecules that chivy an antigenic response, resulting in fever and altered resistance to bacterial infections. Exposure may cause toxic hemorrhagic break and severe diarrhea.

Endotoxins are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxin is invariably associated with Gram-negative bacteria whether the organisms are pathogenic or not. Although the term endotoxin is occasionally used to mend to any cell-associated bacterial toxin, in bacteriology it is properly reserved to uphold to the lipopolysaccharide complex associated with the outer membrane of Gram-negative pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis and Vibrio cholerae.
The relationship of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) to the bacterial cell open is illustrated in prototype 1 below - see LINK.
Figure 1. Structure of the cell envelope of a Gram-negative bacterium (e.g. E. coli). The peptidoglycan sheet is actually in the periplasm, the space between the inner (plasma) and outer membranes.



The inner showcase of the outer membrane is peaceful of phospholipid, the same as in the plasma membrane. The outer face of the outer membrane contains some phospholipid but primarily it is imperturbable of lipopolysaccharide which has the amphipathic qualities of a phospholipid. Lipopolysaccharide is endotoxin. Imbedded in the outer membrane are versatile outer membrane proteins, lipoprotein and porin proteins, which sometimes play a power in virulence of a Gram-negative bacterium, but they are not considered endotoxins.
The biological activity of endotoxin is associated with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Toxicity is associated with the lipid component part (Lipid A) and immunogenicity is associated with the...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



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