Today I attend a lecture by Dr. Ed color, from the Department of Biomolecular engineering at UC Santa Cruz, on the Neandertal genome. The Neandertals, Homo neanderthalensis, were a species of hominins that lived nearly 200,000 kya to 30,000 kya. The Neandertals are also the closest known relative to red-brick humans. Dr. Greens research centered approximately social function the Neandertal genome to find out where certain desoxyribonucleic acid changes and adaptations whitethorn have occurred in the evolution of modern humans, in different words what exactly makes us human and where did it happen in our phylogeny. Dr. Green used three well-nigh Neandertal bones put in in the Vindija cave near Varazdin, Croatia. These three bones came from three different individuals who were all females, and were carbon-14 dated to around 40,000 years ago. Dr. Greens method of extracting and analyzing the DNA from the Neandertal was quite exclusively way over my head, but I can word that he used a targeted PCR method and now uses a Roche 1454 direct sequencing method. The targeted PCR method takes a piece of DNA and amplifies it for expose viewing part the Roche 1454 direct sequencing method takes all of the DNA from the sample and compares it to all the existing genomes we have. What Dr.
Green found in his original experiment was that only 3.5% of the DNA obtained from the samples was primate DNA, while the nap was bacteria that colonized the bone. Also, it should be noted that there was substantial human contamination in his first experiment, around 11%, but this problem has now been fixed. One of the to a greater extent substantial findings from his research is that humans today share some Neandertal DNA, and interbred with humans when they first migrated out of Africa. This is evidence by Greens comparative analysis of the Neandertal DNA to five modern humans, two from Africa and three from the rest of the world. What Green found was that the three non-African humans shared a similar amount of...If you want to get a all-inclusive essay, order it on our website: Orderessay
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